Laser refractive surgery or laser eye surgery to treat nearsightedess, farsightedness or astigmatism. There are three types of laser eye surgery available: PRK, LASIK and SMILE. All three of these laser refractive surgeries reshape the front part of the eye called the cornea.

Cataract surgery involves your ophthalmologist making a small incision and using phacoemulsification (ultrasound) to remove the cataract. Generally, you’ll wear a synthetic intraocular lens (IOL) to help your replacement lens focus.

Types of glaucoma surgery include laser treatments, trabeculectomy, tube shunt implantation, cyclophotocoagulation and MIGS (minimally invasive glaucoma surgery).

A pars plana vitrectomy treats problems with the retina or the vitreous (fluid in the eye). It may be used to treat retinal detachment, macular pucker, macular hole, diabetic retinopathy and certain eye infections and injuries.

Scleral buckle surgery involves securing a buckle to the wall of the eye, creating a scar with cryotherapy or laser to ensure that the retinal tear stays sealed, and usually draining the sub-retinal fluid.